The effect of international legal instruments on combating illicit arms flows: An evaluation of the Arms Trade Treaty
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Background of the Study
International legal instruments, such as the Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), have been developed to regulate and control the flow of conventional weapons across borders. The ATT aims to reduce the risk of illicit arms flows by establishing common standards for the transfer, stockpiling, and production of arms, thereby preventing these weapons from fueling conflicts and human rights abuses (Smith, 2023). In recent years, the global arms trade has been scrutinized due to its role in exacerbating violence and undermining state security. By enforcing strict licensing and reporting procedures, the ATT contributes to greater transparency and accountability in arms transactions. Furthermore, the treaty encourages states to cooperate in monitoring arms transfers, sharing intelligence, and curbing illegal arms trafficking networks. However, differences in national implementation, political will, and enforcement capabilities continue to pose challenges. This study examines the effectiveness of the ATT in curbing illicit arms flows, analyzing its impact on international security and human rights enforcement. The investigation considers both the legal framework provided by the treaty and the practical outcomes observed in various regions. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the study aims to highlight successes, identify shortcomings, and suggest policy improvements that could enhance the global regime against illicit arms transfers (Garcia, 2024; Nguyen, 2025).
Statement of the problem
Despite the establishment of the ATT, illicit arms flows remain a persistent global challenge. Inadequate enforcement, differences in national legal frameworks, and limited international cooperation continue to allow illegal arms trade to flourish. These gaps in implementation undermine efforts to prevent arms from reaching conflict zones and criminal networks. This study seeks to determine whether the ATT has significantly curtailed illicit arms flows and to identify the barriers that impede its full effectiveness (Smith, 2023; Nguyen, 2025).
Objectives of the Study
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Arms Trade Treaty in combating illicit arms flows.
To identify implementation challenges and enforcement gaps in the treaty’s framework.
To propose policy recommendations for strengthening international arms control.
Research questions
How effective is the ATT in reducing illicit arms flows?
What are the major challenges in enforcing the ATT?
What measures can enhance the treaty’s impact on arms control?
Significance of the Study
This study is significant as it offers a comprehensive evaluation of the ATT’s role in curbing illicit arms flows. By identifying strengths and weaknesses in current legal frameworks, the findings will help inform policymakers and international organizations in refining arms control measures and enhancing global security (Garcia, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study is limited to the evaluation of international legal instruments, specifically the Arms Trade Treaty, and their impact on illicit arms flows. It does not address domestic arms control policies outside the treaty’s framework.
Definitions of terms
Illicit arms flows: The illegal transfer and trafficking of conventional weapons.
Arms Trade Treaty (ATT): An international agreement aimed at regulating arms transfers to reduce illicit flows and prevent conflicts.
Enforcement gaps: Shortcomings in the implementation and monitoring of legal instruments.
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